Sydney copped more than 122 millimetres of rain between 9am on Wednesday and 6am on Thursday,smashing the monthly average of 68.1 millimetres expected at Observatory Hill. That’s Sydney’s wettest September day in 146 years.

Workers were filmed saving large fish stranded on a road in Bexley by scooping them into traffic cones,while others posted footage of city streets and alleys transformed into raging torrents.

The State Emergency Service made 15 flood rescues in the city from Maroubra to Surry Hills,while flooding in Randwick swamped the light rail,trapping passengers on board. Commuters posted video of floodwater gushing into a bus on the 333 route from Bondi to Circular Quay.

There were 854 calls to the SES all up,including 34 flood rescues and storm incidents across the Illawarra,Mid North Coast,South Coast and the Hunter.

Forecasters warned at the start of spring that a wet few months was expected due to a confluence of factors,including record ocean heat off the coast.

Climate scientist at the University of NSWProfessor Matthew England said water in the Tasman Sea had been 2 degrees above average. The warm seas feed moisture into the low-pressure system currently spiralling off the coast.

“On top of this,we’ve had onshore easterly winds most days,which is highly unusual for winter,when we normally see prevailing westerlies,” England said.

“These easterly winds pick up moisture from the ocean,which favours increased coastal rains along NSW. So it’s this combination of record ocean temperatures and prevailing onshore easterlies that has likely led to the record-breaking rains.”

The Indian Ocean Dipole is also tracking towards a negative phase,which can boost rainfall to Australia’s south-east.

Weatherzone this week flagged that the southern hemisphere’s polar vortex was weakening,which increases the chance of cold fronts and low-pressure systems sweeping over Australia.

The polar vortex is a massive region of cold rotating winds over Antarctica. When the vortex is strong,cold polar winds move southwards,pulling cold fronts and lows away from Australia.

“By contrast,a weakened tropospheric polar vortex can allow cold air and powerful winds to spread further away from the polar region,” Weatherzone’s Ben Domensino said.

“This can cause cold fronts and low-pressure systems to push further north and become stronger and more frequent over Australia.”

The heavy rains lashing coastal NSW are expected to ease into Thursday.

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