Initially,the protesters were making a stand about land rights following the then prime minister William McMahon’s speech thatdismissed any hope for Aboriginal land rights and reasserted the government’s position on the policy ofassimilation. The Tent Embassy was therefore a public display of our disapproval of and objection to the policies and practices of the government.
In later years,it has become an acclaimed site of our continued resistance to the continuity of colonial rule.
Police who were patrolling the area at the time of the Tent Embassy’s erection asked the protesters what they were doing outside Parliament House. They said they were protesting and would do so until the government granted land rights to Aboriginal people. The police were said to have responded,“That could be forever”.
As it turned out,it was not illegal to camp on the lawns of Parliament House,so the police could not remove them.
Later,on February 6 1972,the members of the Tent Embassy issued their list of demands to the government. The demands were clearly about our rights as Aboriginal people to our homelands,regardless of the fact cities were now built on the land or mining companies were interested in the bounties within.
Compensation was called for in the instances where the lands was not able to be returned. There were also demands for the protection of our sacred sites.
While the McMahon government cared little about negotiating with the protesters,the leader of the Opposition,Gough Whitlam,visited the Tent Embassy andpublicly proclaimed a promise of Aboriginal land rights under a future Labor government.
There was widespread support for the Tent Embassy from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and allies across the continent,and indeed the world.
Media attention also grew as it became obvious the Tent Embassy and protesters were not going to move on. Other Aboriginal activists joined the embassy,including Foley,Isabel Coe,John Newfong,Chicka Dixon,Gordon Briscoe and many others.
The government was not too keen on being reminded Aboriginal people were demanding rights,so itamended the Trespass on Commonwealth Lands Ordinance to make it illegal to camp on the lawn of Parliament House. This gave the police the authority to remove the protesters.
The ordinance was but a few hours old whenpolice attempted to forcibly remove the embassy. They did so to the roar of the crowd chanting “land rights now”. Aviolent confrontation with police ensued.
On September 12 1972,the ACT Supreme Court ruled against the use of the trespass laws,and the Tent Embassy was temporarily re-erected before being removed again the following morning.
Then,at the end of 1972,the Coalition government led by McMahon lost the federal election to Labor. Whitlam was able to keep his promise in part – he did give the land title deeds to the Gurindji people. This was captured in thehistorical photo by Merv Bishop of Whitlam pouring a fistful of dirt into Vincent Lingiari’s hand.
While this iconic image has become a demonstration of what might be possible,the work of the embassy is not yet done. Land rights across the continent have yet to be fully achieved.
The Tent Embassy was re-established the following year and remained until activistCharles Perkins negotiated its removal pending the enactment of the Aboriginal Land Rights Act in 1976.
In the ensuing years,it occupied several other sites around Canberra,including the site of the current Parliament House. In 1992,it returned to its original site on the lawn of Old Parliament House to mark the 20th anniversary of the original protest.
Eleven years later,much of the Tent Embassy was destroyed by fire in asuspected case of arson. The police once again attempted to remove protesters from the site underorders from federal government’s National Capital Authority.
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Today,the Tent Embassy remains on the lawns of Old Parliament House as a reminder of the successive failures of subsequent governments to address the demands for justice represented by the embassy and its people.
AsFoley reflects in his history of the embassy:
That it has endured for[five] decades as a potent symbol rejecting the hypocrisy,deceit and duplicity by successive Australian governments is a testament to the refusal of large numbers of Aboriginal people to concede defeat in a 200-year struggle for justice.
Nowhere else in the world have we seen such longevity around a site of protest. The Aboriginal Tent Embassy is an impressive achievement that demonstrates the tenacity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and our continued fight for the reclamation of our lands and sovereign rights as First Nations peoples.
Bronwyn Carlson is professor of Indigenous Studies and director of The Centre for Global Indigenous Futures at Macquarie University. Lynda-June Coe is a PhD candidate at Macquarie University.
This article is republished fromThe Conversation.